The expression “without E-numbers” has become, in Romania, a symbol of “clean” and natural eating. Many products display this claim on their packaging in an attempt to respond to the growing demand for healthier alternatives. But what does this phrase actually mean? And how much of it is marketing, and how much is regulation?

“E-numbers” are food additives authorized at the European Union level, each with a clear function: preservation, stabilization, coloring, sweetening, or improving texture. The “E” codes are nothing more than standardized identifiers (e.g., E300 for vitamin C, E100 for curcumin), which allow for transparent tracking of the compounds used. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) periodically evaluates each additive, setting acceptable daily intake levels and assessing possible side effects.

In this context, the statement “without E-numbers” does not equal “without additives,” but rather “without synthetic additives,” depending on the full formulation. A product containing lemon juice (citric acid) or beet extract (natural colorant) may technically contain E-numbers, even if these are not chemically synthesized. For this reason, the use of the expression can be misleading if not clearly explained.

For consumers, it is essential to read the full label, not just the front of the package. For processors, the use of the phrase “without E-numbers” must be done responsibly, so as not to conflict with regulations on misleading advertising (Regulation (EC) No. 1924/2006 on nutrition and health claims).

The “clean label” trend—meaning short ingredient lists, easy to understand and perceived as natural—does not necessarily imply the complete elimination of additives, but rather more honest communication about their role. Moreover, modern processing technologies (e.g., mild pasteurization, controlled fermentation, modified-atmosphere packaging) can reduce the need for additives without compromising safety.

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