The debate on animal versus plant-based proteins has become central to discussions on healthy and sustainable diets. According to FAO, meat provides high-quality proteins, with all essential amino acids in an easily digestible form. By contrast, plant-based sources often require combinations to deliver a complete amino acid profile. In Romania, animal proteins account for over 55% of total protein intake, according to INS data.

At the European level, the consumption trend for plant-based alternatives is rising, with an annual growth rate of 12–14% according to Euromonitor, yet these products have not significantly replaced meat consumption. WHO recommends a balance between protein sources, highlighting the benefits of reducing excessive intake of red and processed meat. Poultry and fish are preferred in healthy diets due to their lower saturated fat content.

Recent studies show that alternative proteins can contribute to dietary diversification, but high costs and consumer perception remain major barriers. For Romania, the opportunity lies in developing the premium and sustainable meat segment, as well as promoting hybrid products that combine animal and plant-based proteins.

In the long term, a complete replacement of meat is unlikely; rather, complementarity between protein sources is expected, within the context of a balanced diet adapted to sustainability requirements.

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