Lean fish remains one of the most recommended protein sources in the diet of European consumers. According to EFSA (2024), low-fat species such as cod, pike-perch, perch, hake and trout provide high-quality proteins and essential fatty acids while maintaining a low caloric profile. Across the European Union, average fish consumption exceeded 24 kg per capita in 2023, Eurostat data show, although consumption levels vary considerably between Member States.

In Romania, INS (2024) reports significantly lower consumption, at around 8–9 kg per capita, with a slow upward trend driven by the expansion of retail offerings and growing interest in healthy eating. Lean fish is especially valued for its quick preparation and easy digestibility, making it a frequent recommendation in balanced diets.

From a nutritional perspective, lean species contain only 0.5% to 2% fat, yet provide substantial amounts of selenium, iodine, vitamin D and vitamin B12. These nutrients support cardiovascular health, help maintain muscle mass and play an important role in metabolic functions.

For the industry, key challenges include ensuring an efficient cold chain, maintaining catch traceability and complying with EU standards on contaminants, including heavy metals and microplastics. Modern control systems implemented by the European Commission require continuous monitoring and transparent reporting along the supply chain.

In the medium term, the consumption of lean fish in Romania has room for growth, supported by a more diverse product range, the expansion of local aquaculture and rising consumer interest in protein sources with a favourable nutritional profile.

(Photo: Freepik)